Superscript raises selected characters, while subscript lowers them. Google Docs can apply these treatments to ordinary text, which is useful for a short exponent or a chemical label that does not need a full equation object.
Format the selected characters
- Select only the character or characters to raise or lower.
- Open Format > Text and choose Superscript or Subscript.
- Check the characters immediately before and after the selection.
- Toggle the option off before typing ordinary baseline text if necessary.
The official Google Docs shortcut list includes separate superscript and subscript commands for supported platforms. Some shortcuts vary by keyboard or language, so the menu is a useful fallback when a key combination behaves differently.
Use an equation for mathematical structure
A simple squared unit can be formatted as text, but a fraction, aligned expression, or more complex formula is often better entered with the equation tools. Visual placement alone does not capture every relationship in a mathematical expression.
For a footnote reference, insert an actual footnote instead of manually typing a raised number. A real footnote can maintain its reference relationship as notes are added or moved.
Check readability and exported text
Read the surrounding sentence and confirm that the notation is unambiguous. A tiny superscript can be hard to read in a low-resolution screenshot or a scaled printout. Avoid shrinking the base font as a second workaround.
Inspect the exported Word or PDF document when that is the delivery format. Also consider whether a plain-language explanation is needed for readers using assistive technology. The goal is accurate notation and understandable meaning, not merely a character that appears above or below the line.
References
Reviewed against the linked official product guidance on November 3, 2026. Features, limits, screen labels, and access can vary by account, platform, region, and organization policy.